Tools and methodologies for scientific evaluation: bibliometrics, scientometrics and informatics Herramientas y metodologías para la evaluación científica: bibliometría, cienciometría e informetría

Abstract

This study analyzed the main tools and methodologies used in bibliometrics, scientometrics, informatics and altmetrics, through a descriptive analytical review of secondary sources published between 2019-2024. The research identified and evaluated the most used tools, including VOSviewer (75 % usage in network analysis), CiteSpace (60 % in trend identification), and Altmetric.com (80 % in alternative metrics). The results revealed that fundamental mathematical models such as Lotka’s law (70 % application), Zipf’s law (55 %) and Bradford’s law (50 %) continue to be essential pillars for the quantitative analysis of scientific production. Altmetrics were found to be gaining significant relevance, with Plum Analytics used in 65 % of applications to assess the social impact of research. The study concluded that the integration of traditional and emerging tools allows for a more complete and multidimensional evaluation of scientific activity, although there are limitations in the accessibility and complexity of implementation of some tools.