Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/35489
Title: The Mediterranean Diet decreases LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hernáez, Alvaro
Castañer, O.
Goday, Alberto
Ros, Emilio
Pintó, Xavier
Estruch, Ramón
Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
Corella, Dolores
Arós, Fernando
Serra-Majem, Lluis 
Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
Fiol, Miquel
Lapetra, José
de la Torre, R.
López-Sabater, M. Carmen
Fitó, Montse
UNESCO Clasification: 3206 Ciencias de la nutrición
Keywords: LDL cytotoxicity
LDL oxidation
LDL size
Low density lipoproteins
Mediterranean diet
Issue Date: 2017
Journal: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 
Abstract: Scope: Traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) protects against cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms such as decreasing LDL cholesterol levels. However, evidence regarding TMD effects on LDL atherogenic traits (resistance against oxidation, size, composition, cytotoxicity) is scarce. Methods and results: We assessed the effects of a 1-year intervention with a TMD on LDL atherogenic traits in a random sub-sample of individuals from the PREDIMED study (N= 210). We compared two TMDs: one enriched with virgin olive oil (TMD-VOO, N = 71) and another with nuts (TMD-Nuts, N = 68), versus a low-fat control diet (N = 71). After the TMD-VOO intervention, LDL resistance against oxidation increased (+6.46%, p = 0.007), the degree of LDL oxidative modifications decreased (-36.3%, p<0.05), estimated LDL particle size augmented (+3.06%, p = 0.021), and LDL particles became cholesterol-rich (+2.41% p = 0.013) relative to the low-fat control diet. LDL lipoproteins became less cytotoxic for macrophages only relative to baseline (-13.4%, p = 0.019). No significant effects of the TMD-Nuts intervention on LDL traits were observed versus the control diet. Conclusion: Adherence to a TMD, particularly when enriched with virgin olive oil, decreased LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals. The development of less atherogenic LDLs could contribute to explaining some of the cardioprotective benefits of this dietary pattern.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/35489
ISSN: 1613-4125
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601015
Source: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research [ISSN 1613-4125], v. 61 (9), article number 1601015
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