Analysis of two coastal pelagic fish species (Sardinella aurita and Scomber colias) for early detection of the impact of anthropogenic metals released into the marine environment

Abstract

In this study, the concentrations of several metals (Al, Cd,Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) were analyzed in two species of fish (S. aurita and S. colias) in different years, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The highest values of metals such as Al were found in the years 2019 8.661±0.434 mg/kg in S. colias and 6.487±1.485 mg/kg in S. aurita, and the year with the lowest concentration was 2020; 7.5±0.146 mg/kg in S. colias and 4.405±0.823 mg/kg in S. aurita, this pattern of concentrations occurs similarly for the other metals studied. Significant differences were found in the concentrations of these metals in both types of fish over the years. In general, metal concentrations were higher in 2019 and lower in 2020, coinciding with the period of reduced human activity during the pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, reduced human activity led to a decrease in metal pollution in the marine environment, which had a positive impact on fish. However, it was noted that these effects may be temporary and may reverse when normal economic activities resume. These two fish species are sensitive indicators of metal pollution in the marine environment and it is important to take measures to reduce the release of contaminating metals into the environment. The need to adopt sustainable tourism practices and stricter environmental regulations to protect marine ecosystems is also mentioned.