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Title: | The Effect of Effluent Recirculation in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetland System | Authors: | Herrera Melián, José Alberto Guedes Alonso, Raico Iván Tite-Lezcano, Jean Carlos Santiago Garcia, Dunia Esther Ranieri, Ezio Alonso Bilbao, Ignacio |
UNESCO Clasification: | 3308 Ingeniería y tecnología del medio ambiente | Keywords: | Constructed wetland Effluent recirculation Improved performance Macrophyte pond Wastewater treatment |
Issue Date: | 2023 | Journal: | Sustainability (Switzerland) | Abstract: | This study deals with the effect of effluent recirculation (ER) on the pollutant removal efficacy of a full-scale, hybrid treatment system composed of a macrophyte pond and a horizontal flow constructed wetland. The average removals of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, total N (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), total phosphorus (TP), sulfates, E. coli and Total coliforms (TC) for the years 2017–2018 (no recirculation), 2019 (50% recirculation) and 2021 (100% recirculation) were compared. Results show a general improvement of the effluent with ER. Removals for 0%, 50% and 100% ER, respectively, were: 59%, 61% and 66% for COD; 90%, 96% and 96% for BOD; 94%, 94% and 99% for TSS; 33%, 40% and 67% for TN; 22%, 30% and 55% for NH4-N; 92%, 98% and 96% for sulfates; 99.6%, 99.7% and 99.9% for E. coli; and 99.5%, 99.7% and 9.9% for TC. No clear effect was observed on the removal of TP and dissolved PO4-P, which were very low. 50% ER improved turbidity removal from 88% to 91%, but 100% ER provided worse results. The removal of NH4-N and TN significantly improved with 100% ER. This indicates that ER can be a simple, economic, and feasible way to upgrade the performance of full-scale natural wastewater treatment systems. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/10553/120785 | ISSN: | 2071-1050 | DOI: | 10.3390/su15054310 | Source: | Sustainability (Switzerland) [ISSN 2071-1050], v. 15 (5), 4310, (Febrero 2023) |
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