Surrogate Optimization of Coupled Energy Sources in a Desalination Microgrid Based on Solar PV and Wind Energy

Abstract

In the last years, desalination has achieved a consolidated position to mitigate the problem of water globally (Tzen et al. in Wind technology design and reverse osmosis systems for off-grid and grid-connected applications. CRC Press, London, 2017 [1]). With around 50% of the desalinated water production, reverse osmosis (RO) is considered the most optimized membrane-based desalination process and the prevalent technology in the world desalination market (Qasim et al. in Desalination 459:59–104, 2019 [2]). Nevertheless, desalination is an intensive energy consumer and, traditionally, it has been driven by fossil fuel-based technologies (Carta et al. in Appl Energy 137:222–239, 2015 [3]; González et al. in Desalination water from water, 2nd edn. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 567–646, 2019 [4]).