Hybridization and introgression between the endemic Phoenix canariensis and the introduced P. dactylifera in the Canary Islands

Abstract

The proportion of hybridization and introgression between the endemic Phoenix canariensis (Canarian date palm) and the introduced P. dactylifera (date palm), were characterized using a multilocus isozyme genotype, based on 17 isozyme loci. In order to evaluate the multilocus isozyme genotype’s ability to detect hybridization and introgression between the endemic Phoenix canariensis and the introduced P. dactylifera, multilocus genotype data from pure and putative hybrid populations were analyzed with a Bayesian-based method, implemented in the STRUCTURE software. The identity of all Phoenix canariensis plants was confirmed. However, in the putative P. dactylifera individuals examined, some of them were designated as hybrid, and others as Canarian date palms. Individuals from each species were clustered separately, while putative hybrid individuals shared ancestors from clusters where both Phoenix species were assigned. In agreement with this, FCA showed that the hybrids were localized between P. canariensis and P. dactylifera individuals’ clouds, but with a closer proximity to the former, suggesting an introgression from Phoenix dactylifera to P. canariensis. In addition, the Bayesian cluster revealed a geographical structure within P. canariensis relative to island origin, so populations from the western islands of the archipelago were clustered together and separately from eastern islands