Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/77343
Title: The cardiovascular therapeutic potential of propolis—a comprehensive review
Authors: Silva, Henrique
Francisco, Rafaela
De Figueiredo Saraiva, Ariana Maria 
Francisco, Simone
Carrascosa Iruzubieta, Conrado Javier 
Raposo, António
UNESCO Clasification: 320501 Cardiología
3206 Ciencias de la nutrición
320607 Elementos minerales en la alimentación
Keywords: Antiangiogenic
Antihypertensive
Antioxidant
Cardiovascular Protection
Propolis
Issue Date: 2021
Journal: Biology 
Abstract: Owing to its chemical richness, propolis has a myriad of therapeutic properties. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review paper on propolis to focus exclusively on its major effects for cardiovascular health. The propolis compound varieties with the most promising therapeutic benefits and their respective physiological mechanisms will be discussed. Propolis displays an anti-atherosclerotic activity, attained through modulation of the plasma lipid profile and through stabilization of the fatty plaque by inhibiting macrophage apoptosis, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and metalloproteinase activity. The antihypertensive effects of propolis probably arise through the combination of several mechanisms, including the suppression of catecholamine synthesis, stimulation of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and vascular anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-hemostatic activity of propolis is attributed to the inhibition of platelet plug formation and antifibrinolytic activity. By inhibiting the secretion of proangiogenic factors, propolis suppresses endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis, exerting antiangiogenic activity. The an-tioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are responsible for protection against vascular endothelial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction, mostly by the prevention of oxidative stress. Among the reviewed propolis varieties, the Brazilian green and red varieties show the largest number of beneficial ac-tivities. Further research, especially preclinical, should be conducted to assess the cardiovascular benefits of the given varieties with different compositions.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/77343
ISSN: 2079-7737
DOI: 10.3390/biology10010027
Source: Biology [EISSN 2079-7737], v. 10 (1), 27, (Enero 2021)
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