Bioactive Ti and its alloys by different surface treatments

Abstract

Titanium and titanium alloys being bioinert materials, they do not form a chemical bond with bonny tissue. Therefore, they must be fixed to bone by mechanical interloking in clinical use, and the possibility of loosening over a long period may become a critical problem. Bioactive materials such as hydroxyapatite and certain glasses or glass-ceramics have been reported to form tight chemical bonds with bone tissue and are widely used to fill bone defects. However, owing to their brittle nature, they are useful only in applications where the mechanical forces are nonexistent or primarily compressive. For the load-bearing parts of skeleton being replaced, titanium and its alloys are the best but a surface preparation is necessary.