Los poemas-misiva en las cárceles del primer Franquismo: una escritura cotidiana de supervivencia

Abstract

Frente a la represión penitenciaria iniciada en España tras la derrota republicana en la guerra civil, los poetas presos y los reclusos alfabetizados se volcaron en la escritura y el verso a modo de catarsis y de resiliencia para escapar al dolor circundante. Enviaron a sus familiares cartas que adoptaban a veces la forma métrica del poema, a modo de reconstrucción afectiva y lírica. En el umbral de la muerte, el verso de los condenados incluso lograba condensar una experiencia emocional indecible gracias a moldes métricos que encerraban la propia cárcel y el sufrimiento colectivo.

As repressive imprisonment began in Spain following the Republican defeat in the Spanish Civil War, incarcerated poets and literate prisoners turned towards writing and verse for catharsis, resilience and a way to escape their painful surroundings. They sent their relatives letters which sometimes took metrical, poetic forms in order to lyrically reconstruct their emotions. On the threshold of death, even those facing capital punishment managed to condense their unspeakable emotional experience thanks to metrical moulds that captured prison itself, as well as its attendant collective suffering.