Artificial reefs in the Spanish coastal zone

Abstract

The Multi-annual Guidance Program (MAGP; 1987-1991) on artificial reefs was first undertaken by the Spanish government under the supervision of the European Economic Community. With this program, the Spanish government attempted to unify artificial reef construction criteria (i.e., materials, design, place selection, etc.), as well as ensure proper scientific assessment for all future artificial reefs to be established in the Spanish coastal zone. Before the 1987-1991 program, isolated artificial reef projects were developed along the Spanish shore by different institutions. Very few of these artificial reefs were assessed through base-line surveys before or impacts after their implementation. During the MAGP, 35 artificial reefs were constructed. The main goals of this Program were: 1) Protection of over-exploited coastal areas from trawl fisheries; 2) Development of diversified habitats to enhance biological production; and 3) To promote artisanal fishing in the surrounding areas. A brief description of the MAGP for 1992-1996 is also given.