Canine prostatic-specific esterase and prostatic ultrasound correlation in dogs: diagnostic value, influence of castration and clinical cut-off proposal

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentrations and ultrasonographic prostatic dimensions in male dogs, considering the influence of reproductive status, age and body weight. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four male dogs were included and categorised according to reproductive condition (entire or neutered), age group and body weight. All animals underwent clinical examination, transabdominal ultrasonography to assess prostatic dimensions (length, height, width and perimeter) and blood sampling for quantification of serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentrations. Statistical analyses assessed associations between prostatic esterase levels, prostate size and individual variables. Results: Serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentrations were significantly higher in entire and large-breed dogs. No significant correlation was observed with age. Moderate correlations were found between serum esterase levels and both prostatic height and perimeter. A concentration threshold of 47.95 ng/mL demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance (area under the curve = 1.00) for identifying dogs with prostatic enlargement. Clinical Significance: Serum canine prostate-specific esterase concentration is a promising non-invasive biomarker for evaluating prostatic status in male dogs. However, interpretation must consider body size and reproductive status. Its integration into routine screening could improve early detection and monitoring of prostatic changes, particularly in high-risk groups.