Bacterias multirresistentes a antimicrobianos recuperadas de los tractos respiratorio y reproductivo de caballos procedentes de Mayabeque, Cuba

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from horses represents a threat to global health due to the close relationship of these animals with humans. This study aimed to elucidate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bacteria with pathogenic and zoonotic potential, isolated from the respiratory and genital tracts of horses in Mayabeque, Cuba. Nasal and genital exudates were collected from twenty-three horses, and the isolates obtained were identified using the analytical profile index and mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of thirteen antibiotics was determined for the isolates. Twenty-three bacterial isolates, including one Streptococcus uberis, sixteen Enterococcus spp., three Staphylococcus sciuri, one Morganella morganii, and two Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were obtained. S. uberis showed resistance to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline, while enterococci isolates displayed resistance to doxycycline (n=16), rifampicin (n=8), erythromycin (n=7), enrofloxacin (n=3), and chloramphenicol (n=1). All S. sciuri isolates were resistant to at least six antibiotics, including methicillin, with high MIC values for erythromycin (>8192 µg/ml), doxycycline (128 µg/ml), and gentamicin (64 µg/ml). M. morganii isolate was resistant to three antibiotics, with MICs of 128 μg/ml and 256 μg/ml for cefquinome and doxycycline, respectively. S. maltophilia isolates exhibited resistance to cefquinome, with MIC values of 512 μg/ml and 128 μg/ml, respectively. The 91.3% of the isolates were multiresistant to antimicrobials, which represents the first detection in Cuba of bacteria with multiresistance phenotypes, isolated from samples of the nasal and genital mucosa of horses.