Optical camera communications: concept, marketing, implementation, challenges and applications

Abstract

Optical camera communication (OCC) has emerged as a transformative technology that utilizes light sources, such as LEDs, and camera sensors to facilitate data transmission, offering a low-cost, energy-efficient, and ubiquitous alternative to traditional wireless communication methods. This paper explores the overview of OCC, including its marketing potential, implementation strategies, opportunities, challenges, and wide-ranging applications. By leveraging existing camera and lighting infrastructures, OCC presents unique opportunities for integration into consumer electronics, retail, smart cities, automotive systems, and beyond. However, its adoption faces technical challenges, such as limited data rates, ambient light interference, and camera frame rate constraints, which require innovative solutions in hardware and algorithms. From a marketing perspective, OCC enables enhanced customer engagement, indoor positioning, and context-aware services. This study also examines the future trajectory of OCC, emphasizing the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in overcoming barriers and driving real-world deployment. Through a comprehensive analysis of its strengths and limitations, this paper provides valuable insights for researchers, developers, and stakeholders aiming to harness the full potential of OCC in a connected world.