Identificador persistente para citar o vincular este elemento: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/136834
Título: The effect of grade retention on performance in Spanish students: a propensity score matching approach
Autores/as: León González-Vélez, Jaime José 
Martinez Abad, Fernando
Clasificación UNESCO: 5802 Organización y planificación de la educación
Palabras clave: School
Achievement
Balance
Spain
Causal Inference, et al.
Fecha de publicación: 2025
Publicación seriada: Large-Scale Assessments in Education 
Resumen: Background. Grade retention is an educational aspect that concerns teachers, families, and experts. It implies an economic cost for families, as well as a personal cost for the student, who is forced to study one more year. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of course repetition on math, science and reading competencies, and math self-efficacy.MethodsWe employed a causal approach using propensity score matching to compare the result in the PISA tests of retained versus non-retained students. We found a comparison group with a similar distribution in the control variables to the group of retained students.Results. Course retention has a negative effect on the academic performance of students. Retained students showed lower results in math, science, reading, and math self-efficacy compared to the non-retained group.ConclusionsIn line with previous research, evidence shows that grade repetition in Spain is not obtaining the expected results in retained students. This evidence suggests a rethinking of grade retention policies in Spain.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/136834
ISSN: 2196-0739
DOI: 10.1186/s40536-025-00243-0
Fuente: Large-Scale Assessments In Education [2196-0739], v. 13 (1)
Colección:Artículos
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