Is the endemic <i>Phoenix canariensis</i> H. Wildpret an orthodox species? Implications for its conservation

Abstract

Seed banks (gene banks) have become essential for the conservation of genetic biodiversity in natural ecosystems. Seed preservation is especially important for threatened species, since seeds are the primary genetic material used to reintroduce plant species. Knowledge of the desiccation tolerance of each species is relevant for selecting the best method for ex situ conservation, but it is not always available. Currently, the categorisation of the seed storage behaviour of the Phoenix species as orthodox, recalcitrant or intermediate, remains uncertain. This study uses four accessions of the endemic species from Canary Island Phoenix canariensis H. Wildpret, with storage times ranging between 2 and 28 years. Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability over time, desiccation tolerance and the possible impact of seed storage on viability. The germination results differed for seeds after 192 days in a greenhouse. Accessions stored in the seed bank at -20 degrees C and 15%RH for 17 years showed a high germination percentage (72%). In contrast, accessions stored under unsuitable conditions showed a 0% germination. These results indicate the orthodox seed storage behaviour of P. canariensis. In addition, it supports the good state of conservation of the material stored in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden Viera y Clavijo and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of P. canariensis have been stored. In addition, the results are relevant in order to manage the conservation of this endemic species from the Canary Islands.