Indoor Positioning Framework for Training Rescue Operations Procedures at the Site of a Mass Incident or Disaster

Abstract

Modern IT technologies allow the construction of training systems related to exercising in the field of triage and rescue operation management. In proposed training system we use simulators of vital human signs based on mobile devices. These devices generate the victim’s life cycle pattern, consisting of the values (heartbeats and respiratory rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and capillary refill time) used as the basis for TRIAGE categorization. The use of specially programmed smartphones as simulators was a temporary solution that facilitated system startup. Currently, these simulators are implemented on the basis of the ESP32 chip, which enables the connection of many types of environmental sensors. In the paper we will present new version of the victim simulator based on the ESP32 system on chip (SoC), and new functionalities such as heart rate monitoring and casualties positioning. In the proposal presented in this work, a hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE positioning system is used to have a coarse positioning with the first technology, which has a longer range, and a finer positioning with the second, which has a shorter range.