Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/77744
Title: Prevalencia de obesidad y factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en la población general española: estudio ENPE
Other Titles: Prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish population: the ENPE study
Authors: Pérez-Rodrigo, Carmen
Hervás Bárbara, Gotzone
Gianzo Citores, Marta
Aranceta Bartrina, Javier 
UNESCO Clasification: 320501 Cardiología
Keywords: Obesidad
Obesidad abdominal
Estilo de vida
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular
Issue Date: 2022
Journal: Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 
Abstract: Introducción y objetivos: La obesidad es un importante problema de salud pública y se asocia con mayor riesgo de adquirir factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). En este estudio se estima la prevalencia de sobrecarga ponderal y obesidad abdominal (OA) en población española de edad ≥ 3 años y se analiza la influencia de factores sociodemográficos y estilos de vida y la relación con los FRCV. Métodos: La muestra procede del estudio ENPE (n = 6.800). El protocolo incluía mediciones antropométricas individuales, factores sociodemográficos, consumo alimentario (cuestionario sobre frecuencia de consumo), actividad física, estilos de vida y problemas de salud. Resultados: La prevalencia total estimada de obesidad (22,0%; IC95%, 21,0%-23,0%) y OA (64,7%; IC95%, 63,5%-65,8%) es mayor en varones, con edad ≥ 65 años y menor nivel socioeconómico y de la región sur. El perfil de estilos de vida se asocia significativamente con obesidad y OA (p = 0,011), con menor probabilidad de obesidad en el perfil más activo (p < 0,0001). La obesidad (OR = 1,85; IC95%, 1,24-2,78) y la OA (OR = 2,16; IC95%, 1,1-4,24) se asocian positivamente con FRCV. La coexistencia de FRCV con OA es mayor entre las mujeres (12,6%; IC95%, 11,4%-13,9%) y aquellos con edad ≥ 65 años (32,7%; IC95%, 30,0%-35,4%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de obesidad y OA en población española es alta, mayor en varones, aumenta con la edad y presenta relación inversa con el nivel socioeconómico. El perfil de estilos de vida con mayor nivel de actividad física, sedentarismo moderado y patrón alimentario mediterráneo se asocia con menor probabilidad de obesidad, OA y FRCV.
Introduction and objectives: Obesity is a significant public health problem associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity (AO) in the Spanish population aged ≥ 3 years and to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and their association with CVRF. Methods: The sample was drawn from the ENPE study (n = 6800). The study protocol included individual anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic factors, food intake (food frequency questionnaire), physical activity, lifestyles, and health problems. Results: The estimated overall prevalence of obesity (22.0%; 95%CI, 21.0-23.0) and AO (64.7%; 95%CI, 63.5-65.8) was higher in men, in persons aged ≥ 65 years, and in those with a lower socioeconomic level or from southern regions. Lifestyle pattern was significantly associated with obesity and AO (P =. 011), which were less likely in people with an active lifestyle pattern (P <. 0001). Obesity (OR, 1.85; 95%CI, 1.24-2.78) and AO (OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.1-4.24) were positively associated with CVRF. Clustering of CVRF with obesity and/or AO was higher in women (12.6%; 95%CI, 11.4-13.9) and in persons aged ≥ 65 years (32.7%; 95%CI, 30.0-35.4). Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity and AO in the Spanish population is high; it is higher in men, increases with age, and is inversely related to socioeconomic status. A lifestyle pattern combining a higher level of physical activity, moderate sedentariness and a Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a lower probability of obesity, AO, and CVRF.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/77744
ISSN: 0300-8932
DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.12.013
Source: Revista Espanola de Cardiologia[ISSN 0300-8932], v. 75(3), p. 232-241
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