Identificador persistente para citar o vincular este elemento: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/48391
Título: Erosion calderas: Origins, processes, structural and climatic control
Autores/as: Karátson, Dávid
Thouret, Jean Claude
Moriya, Ichio
Lomoschitz, Alejandro 
Palabras clave: Oceanic-Island Volcanos
Des-Neiges-Volcano
Canary-Islands
Reunion-Island
La-Fournaise, et al.
Fecha de publicación: 1999
Editor/a: 0258-8900
Publicación seriada: Bulletin of Volcanology 
Resumen: The origin and development of erosion-modified, erosion-transformed, and erosion-induced depressions in volcanic terrains are reviewed and systematized. A proposed classification, addressing terminology issues, considers structural, geomorphic, and climatic factors that contribute to the topographic modification of summit or flank depressions on volcanoes. Breaching of a closed crater or caldera generated by volcanic or non-volcanic processes results in an outlet valley. Under climates-with up to similar to 2000-2500 mm annual rainfall, craters, and calderas are commonly drained by a single outlet. The outlet valley can maintain its dominant downcutting position because it quickly enlarges its drainage basin by capturing the area of the primary depression. Multi-drained volcanic depressions can form if special factors, e.g., high-rate geological processes, such as faulting or glaciation, suppress fluvial erosion. Normal (fluvial) erosion-modified volcanic depressions the circular rim of which is derived from the original rim are termed erosion craters or erosion calderas, depending on the pre-existing depression. The resulting landform should be classed as an erosion-induced volcanic depression if the degradation of a cluster of craters produces a single-drained, irregular-shaped basin, or if flank erosion results in a quasi-closed depression. Under humid climates, craters and calderas degrade at a faster rate. Mostly at subtropical and tropical ocean-island and island-are volcanoes, their erosion results in so-called amphitheater valleys that develop under heavy rainfall (> similar to 2500 mm/year), rainstorms, and high-elevation differences. Structural and lithological control, and groundwater in ocean islands, may in turn preform and guide development of high-energy valleys through rockfalls, landsliding, mud-flows, and mass wasting. Given the intense erosion, amphitheater valleys are able to breach a primary depression-from several directions and degrade the summit region at a high rate. Occasionally, amphitheater valleys may create summit depressions without a pre-existing crater or caldera. The resulting, negative landforms, which may drain in several directions and the primary origin of which is commonly unrecognizable, should be included-in erosion-transformed volcanic depressions.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/48391
ISSN: 0258-8900
DOI: 10.1007/s004450050270
Fuente: Bulletin of Volcanology[ISSN 0258-8900],v. 61, p. 174-193
Colección:Reseña
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