Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/43205
Title: Higher-order structure of mental toughness and the analysis of latent mean differences between athletes from 34 disciplines and non-athletes
Authors: Guillen, Felix 
Laborde, Sylvain
UNESCO Clasification: 61 Psicología
Keywords: Mental toughness
Latent mean analysis
Sport participation
Persistence
Exercise, et al
Issue Date: 2014
Publisher: 0191-8869
Journal: Personality and Individual Differences 
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the higher-order structure of mental toughness and to examine differences in mental toughness between athletes and non-athletes. Participants of this study – 927 athletes and 931 non-athletes – completed a battery of questionnaires designed to assess four characteristics of mental toughness: hope, optimism, perseverance and resilience. The higher-order structure of mental toughness was found to be the same for both athletes and non-athletes. The latent mean differences analyses showed that athletes scored higher in mental toughness when compared to non-athletes. Taken together, these findings support the theoretical assumption that mental toughness is a higher-order construct encompassing different characteristics and that sport participation is associated with higher mental toughness.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10553/43205
ISSN: 0191-8869
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.019
Source: Personality And Individual Differences[ISSN 0191-8869],v. 60, p. 30-35
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