Tracking futsal players with a wide-angle lens camera: accuracy analysis of the radial distortion correction based on an improved Hough transform algorithm

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the applicability and reliability of a single wide-angle lens GoPro® camera for tracking and kinematics analysis of futsal players. An official game of a Brazilian professional team in the quarter-final round of the 2013 São Paulo futsal league was recorded by four digital video cameras (30 Hz; 720 × 480) placed at the highest points of the court (40 × 20 m; FIFA standard). We compared tracking performed with three cameras equipped with conventional lenses to a GoPro® camera with a wide-angle lens with a 170° field of view. Manual and automatic tracking of players trajectories (n = 5; 23.20 ± 2.39 years) during competition and in a controlled environment were performed. We found that the root-mean-square error calculated to determine the position on the court based on images captured with a GoPro® camera was 0.32 m and for the velocity was 0.71 m s−1. A 5-min excerpt of the game showed an average difference of 2.11% between the total distance covered obtained by tracking with the GoPro® with radial distortion correction (438.97 ± 164.65 m), and cameras with conventional lenses (449.54 ± 170.92 m). Temporal correlation analysis confirmed the great similarity between the reconstructed trajectories obtained by these cameras (r = 0.99 for movements on both x and y axes). We showed that a single GoPro® Hero3+ can provide reliable kinematic analysis of computational tracking based on videogrammetry for futsal, using the Hough transform and division model technique for radial distortion correction.