Criminal compliance y carga probatoria: un análisis a la luz de la STS 298/2024, de 8 de abril. Consideraciones dogmáticas sobre el compliance penal y su proyección en la práctica procesal penal corporativa

Abstract

The dogmatic nature of compliance programs in Criminal Law remains a subject of debate in legal doctrine. Their placement within the different stages of the Theory of Crime raises various questions and significant procedural consequences, such as assigning the burden of proof to either the prosecution or the defense, depending on the adopted interpretation. Supreme Court Judgment 298/2024, dated April 8, is illustrative in this regard, establishing who bears the responsibility of proving the existence of criminal compliance programs in the criminal proceedings involving legal entities.