Kinematic gait analysis for early detection of mild lameness in dogs

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of kinematic gait analysis for the early detection of experimentally induced mild lameness in dogs. Spatiotemporal parameters (stance time and stride length), angular variables (range of motion, ROM), and symmetry indices (Symmetry Index, SI; Symmetry Angle, SA) were analyzed in two dogs subjected to a reversible forelimb lameness model. The study aimed to identify which variables were most sensitive to the modifications associated with mild lameness. The results showed that even a mild and transient locomotor alteration generated measurable changes in gait dynamics. Stance time was the most sensitive parameter, consistently decreasing in the affected limb, reflecting an unloading compensatory strategy. Stride length also decreased, although to a lesser extent, probably due to postural adjustments that help maintain propulsion. The range of motion showed a reduction consistent with protective movement patterns, indicating restricted flexion-extension associated with discomfort. The symmetry indices complemented the interpretation of these findings. SI detected asymmetries compatible with mild lameness, whereas the SA remained low in both animals, suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms capable of preserving apparent global symmetry. Differences in the magnitude of the response between dogs highlighted the influence of individual morphological and neuromotor factors on locomotor adaptations. Overall, kinematic evaluation provided a precise and quantifiable representation of gait, revealing functional adaptations that would likely go unnoticed during visual assessment. These findings reinforce the value of kinematic analysis as an objective method for identifying subtle locomotor alterations, monitoring functional recovery, and evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. In summary, the results support the use of kinematic gait analysis as a sensitive, reliable, and valuable tool in modern veterinary medicine for understanding locomotion and detecting early signs of musculoskeletal dysfunction.