Climate change in Mozambique: from vulnerability to resilience perspectives

Abstract

The year 2023 was marked by temperature records in various re gions of the world, establishing itself as the hottest year since 1850. This scenario reinforces the urgency of actions to mitigate and adapt, promoting resilience to climate change. Strategies such as energy effi ciency, green infrastructure, and sustainable management are essential to address the global climate crisis. While some countries have implemented public policies and man aged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the im pacts of climate change, the case of Mozambique is concerning due to its extreme vulnerability. Extreme weather events, such as cyclones, fl oods, and droughts, have plagued the country, aff ect ing infrastructure and causing signifi cant losses. The research conducted highlights the specifi c vulnerabilities of Mozambique, particularly in its major coastal cities, which host most of the population and are subject to extreme weather events. Between 2015 and 2023, the country faced a series of natural disasters, highlighting the urgent need for investment in infrastructure and adaptation policies. The results indicate that Mozambique needs to strengthen its climate governance policies and adopt mitiga tion and adaptation strategies at all levels of government. Only with coordinated and integrated actions will it be possible to ad dress the challenges imposed by climate change and protect the country’s vulnerable communities