Comparison of Propofol and Alfaxalone as Anesthesic Drugs in Bitches Undergoing Ovariohysterectomies (Healthy Bitches and with Pyometra) and Cesarean Sections

Abstract

Simple Summary This study compared the effectiveness of two anesthesia drugs, alfaxalone and propofol, for female dogs undergoing an ovariohysterectomy (n = 69) or cesarean sections (n = 28). Maternal parameters were monitored during surgery, and neonatal viability was assessed post-delivery. The results showed no significant differences in maternal parameters recorded throughout surgery between the two drugs. Propofol required more additional doses for induction, the application of this agent was always the one recommended and did not exceed its maximum dose. Neonatal mortality rates were similar, but alfaxalone was associated with better neonatal viability and required less neonatal care compared to propofol. In summary, both drugs were equally effective for ovariohysterectomies, while alfaxalone showed potential benefits for neonatal health after cesarean sections.Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two anesthetic agents, alfaxalone and propofol, on maternal physiological parameters (heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and temperature) on either ovariohysterectomies or cesarean sections in bitches. A total of 34 healthy and pyometra-affected females (classified as ASA II), were induced with IV propofol (4 mg/kg), while 35 females, both healthy and pyometra affected, were induced with IV alfaxalone (1 mg/kg). For cesarean sections, females (ASA II) were induced with propofol (n = 14) or alfaxalone (n = 14). Additionally, the neonatal viability and modified Apgar score were recorded at 5, 60, and 120 min post-delivery. There were no significant differences in the physiological parameters when comparing the use of propofol and alfaxalone in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomies, regardless of their health status, nor when comparing cesarean sections. It was observed that bitches induced with propofol occasionally required an additional dose for maintenance of the anesthesia. Neonatal mortality rates were similar for both groups; however, alfaxalone was associated with higher neonatal viability as indicated by the Apgar scores. The findings suggest that both anesthetic protocols are effective and safe for use in canine reproductive surgeries, with no major differences in basic physiological parameters' alteration or neonatal outcomes between the two agents.