Nutritional innovations in superior European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) genotypes: Implications on fish performance and feed utilization

Abstract

The sustainable development of the aquaculture industry relies on the use of alternative conventional and emergent raw materials that contributes to a circular economy and to reduce the dependency on fish meals and fish oils coming from oceanic fish populations. Additionally, the genetic selection of farmed fish that can display higher growth and feed utilization when fed alternative feeds, is pointed out to be a complementary valuable tool to facilitate the implementation of circular economy approaches. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of genetic selection for growth in European sea bass, in response to a challenge with an alternative diet that aimed to partially replaced fishmeal (FM) by poultry meal (PM) and totally replace fish oil (FO) by a blend of poultry oil (PO) with a novel microalgae oil. The two families of fish juveniles were obtained by in vitro fertilization of selected for a multi-trait including high growth (genetically selected, GS) or non-selected (wild type, WT) broodstocks and then were nutritionally challenged with a control diet that mirrored a standard commercial diet with fishmeal (20%) and fish oil (7%), or a Future diet that partially replaced the FM by PM and totally replaced the FO by a blend of rapeseed oil, PO, and a novel DHA rich-algal oil. From the second month of feeding until the end of the trial, European sea bass that was selected since for 7 generations performed better in terms of growth than the wild-type genotype, possibly related with an apparent favored feed and nutrient utilization. Furthermore, selection decreased the perivisceral fat and increased the nutritional value of flesh by increasing DHA (in g/ 100 g flesh) and ARA contents. In contrast, the dietary treatment showed little effect on fish growth performance, denoting the successful partial replacement of FM by PM and the total replacement of FO by a blend of poultry oil and an emergent microalgal oil. However, Future diet tended to reduce the ADCs of some amino acids, as well as showed an additive effect to genotype in increasing the n-3 PUFA of flesh. Altogether, our data demonstrate that multi-trait genetic selection of European sea bass improve fish plasticity to cope with the variations of ingredients in alternative feeds with low FM/FO.