Competitividad turística internacional vs competitividad turística nacional: un análisis de la evolución del contexto brasileño a través del TTCI y MTUR

Abstract

El presente trabajo lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo de dos monitores de competitividad turística: el TTCI (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index) y el monitor brasileño MTur (Ministerio del Turismo). Estas dos herramientas de seguimiento estratégico en el sector fueron desarrolladas para medir la competitividad turística de un país, pero con perspectivas diferentes. El TTCI realiza esta medida de forma comparativa sobre un grupo de 141 países, valorando la competitividad turística internacional. Por su parte, el monitor de MTur mide la capacidad turística del país desde una comparación interna, entre sus principales destinos. El objetivo ha sido verificar el grado de similitud de las variables entre estos monitores. Los resultados indican que la convergencia entre ambos monitores alcanza el 60% y la divergencia deja entrever la relatividad del constructo competitividad que se muestra altamente relacionado con el contexto al que se referencia. Además, se identifica la ausencia de algunas variables de capacidad competitiva en turismo que deberían estar presentes en ambos monitores.

In this work, we present a comparative analysis of two monitors to measure the tourism competitiveness: The TTCI (Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index) of the World Economic Forum, and the monitor of competitiveness of the Brazilian’s government, MTur. These two strategic monitoring tools in any case were developed to perform the measurement of tourism competitiveness of a country, but with different perspectives. The TTCI makes this measure comparing a group of 141 countries, therefore, expressing the international tourism competitiveness. MTur Monitor, meanwhile, measures the ability of the country based on an internal comparison between its touristic regions. We verified the degree of convergence of these two monitors, since some variables must be equal because the monitors try to measure the same tourism attraction capacity. The results found that the convergence between both monitors reaches 60%, and the divergence reflects the relativism in the construct competitiveness, i.e., the comparative condition to a determinate context. However, the divergence between monitors was verified according to the absence of significant variables to express the competitiveness in tourism and that are important regardless of the relational context being measured, so that should be present on both monitors.