Management of Equine Melanomas in Gray Horses:Comparing Cryosurgery and Traditional Surger

Abstract

The study focuses on equine melanomas, particularly in gray horses. Melanomas are common in older gray horses, with a documented prevalence of 18.7% among equine cutaneous neoplasms, affecting their quality of life. The research emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, particularly cryotherapy and conventional surgery, to manage these tumors effectively. Equine skin, composed of multiple layers, plays crucial roles in protection and pigmentation, with melanocytes responsible for melanin production. Melanomas can be benign or malignant. The study reviews 26 clinical cases from the Canary Islands, highlighting cryotherapy's effectiveness in using liquid nitrogen to destroy melanocytes without harming surrounding tissues. Statistical analysis revealed cryotherapy as the preferred treatment for small, localized melanomas due to its minimally invasive nature. In contrast, surgery is reserved for larger or more complex cases. The findings show a significant correlation between early intervention and favorable prognoses, underscoring the need for proactive owner education to ensure timely veterinary consultation. The research also explores other treatments, including cimetidine, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, but stresses that cryotherapy remains a promising approach. The study concludes combining treatments, early diagnosis, and personalized care can improve outcomes for affected horses