Care Plan for a Patient with Childhood Obesity. Approach from Primary Health Care

Abstract

Nowadays, obesity has become an increasing health problem globally, in both children and adults. WHO estimates that obesity has reached epidemic proportions across the world, considering childhood obesity one of the most serious problems in public health in the XXI century. Objective: to develop a care plan for a child in primary health, trying to change lifestyle habits to be able to reverse the obesity situation suffered. Methodology: a bibliographic research has been carried out to identify the risk factors which help in the weight gain, paying close attention to the factors in relation to the lifestyle. Subsequently, the Nursing Care Plan (NCP) has been carried out to contribute to tackle, from the autonomy that nursing has, a problematic situation of chilhood obesity. The scientific method used is based on a methodical and systematic procedure of health problem solving, which is aimed to cover the basic needs of the patient. For this, we use NANDA, NIC and NOC taxonomy as a method of action to help organize the clinical practice. Findings: we have managed to eliminate the diagnostic label of the altered patterns, succeeding in restoring the health of the patient and his family. All of these have been possible by performing a multidisciplinary task: medical, nursing and family. Conclusions: we have managed to restore the situation of obesity in the child patient, achieving a significant weight loss and reducing the BMI. The patient and the family have drastically changed their lifestyle habits for healthier ones. The increasing physical activity and getting rid of high-calorie foods such as pastry, refined sugar and fried foods, have been the strategy carried out to improve the health of the patient.