Gunshot-related wildlife injuries in the Canary Islands (2021¿2024): a retrospective study in La Palma, Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura

Abstract

This study explores the impact of firearm use on wildlife in the Canary Islands, focusing on the islands of La Palma, Gran Canaria, and Fuerteventura between 2021 and 2024. Data were obtained through official requests addressed to island councils and recovery centres, as well as direct communication with professionals involved in wildlife rescue. The analysis includes confirmed cases of wild animals injured or killed by gunshots, with detailed records of species affected, type of ammunition, geographic location, and clinical outcome. A total of 33 cases were documented during the study period. The vast majority involved birds, especially raptors and other protected species that are not legally considered game animals. Fuerteventura accounted for the highest number of incidents, with the endemic Canary raven (Corvus corax canariensis) being the most frequently affected species. It was followed by the common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and the Canary buzzard (Buteo buteo insularum). In more than 60% of the cases where the type of ammunition was identified, pellets were involved—strongly suggesting a link with small-game hunting practices. Notably, 25 of the 33 incidents occurred outside the legal hunting season, raising concerns about illegal or negligent firearm use. More than half of the animals died because of the shooting, either from the injuries themselves or after euthanasia was deemed necessary due to poor prognosis. These findings underscore the ongoing threat that firearms pose to Canarian wildlife and reveal a need for improved surveillance, legal enforcement, and public awareness. The lack of centralised, standardised data remains a major limitation for assessing the real scope of the problem. By identifying the most vulnerable species and affected areas, this study aims to support future conservation efforts and promote better regulation of hunting activities in island ecosystems.