Exploring ecological fitness disparities in central and edge populations of Chthamalus stellatus

Abstract

Ecological disparities in intertidal ecosystems are influenced by various environmental factors, leading to variability in species populations. This study investigates the variability in the size and abundance of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus across different localities and intertidal zones in Gran Canaria. Sampling was conducted between February and April 2024, in El Confital, El Charco de San Lorenzo, Salinetas and La Charca de Taliarte. We found significant differences in the abundance and size of Chthamalus stellatus among the sampling sites and within different zones of the same locality. These differences can be attributed to environmental factors such as tidal exposure, substrate type, and hydrodynamics conditions, reflecting the complex nature of intertidal ecosystems. The results align with previous research on intertidal species, highlighting the importance of multi-scale studios for understanding population dynamics. The study also underscores the influence of climate change on barnacle populations, affecting their distribution, abundance and reproductive success. Understanding these effects is crucial for predicting future changes in Chthamalus stellatus populations and their ecological implications in intertidal ecosystems. Despite its insights, the study has limitations, including a lack of temporal variability due to data being collected over a single period and a limited number of sampling sites. Future research should include multiple sampling periods and expand the geographical range of sampling sites. Continuous monitoring is essential to capture temporal changes and to better understand how ongoing environmental shifts influence Chthamalus stellatus and other intertidal species. This will be paramount for developing effective conservation strategies and for anticipating future ecological changes in these dynamic ecosystems.