Literature review of chronic kidney disease in dogs

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs is a common pathology in veterinary medicine, especially in geriatric dogs. With increased longevity due to advancements in medicine and care, the prevalence of chronic diseases, including CKD, has risen. This final degree project focuses on a comprehensive literature review from the past 10 years on the dietary management of CKD in dogs. CKD is an irreversible and progressive disease that significantly affects the quality of life in dogs. Effective management requires a comprehensive approach that includes treating underlying causes and managing symptoms. Diet plays a crucial role in CKD treatment, with recent studies supporting the effectiveness of specific diets in reducing blood toxins, improving residual kidney function, and prolonging the animal's life. The review is based on highly relevant academic and scientific sources, including reference books, scientific journal articles, and other online resources. The results underscore the importance of proper dietary management and highlight various effective dietary strategies, ingredients, and supplements for controlling CKD. This work aims to provide evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice, contributing to improved quality of life for dogs with CKD and offering a reference guide for veterinarians and pet owners. The review also highlights the need for future research to address the etiology and risk factors associated with CKD to develop more effective and sustainable preventive strategies. In conclusion, while significant advances have been made in the symptomatic management of CKD in dogs, ongoing research into the underlying factors of this disease is essential to reduce its incidence and improve long-term animal welfare.