Bibliographic update of the vitreous and its main pathologies. Clinical cases

Abstract

In the present document, a bibliographic review is carried out on the vitreous humor and the main pathologies that affect it. To this end, scientific articles published in different databases from 2019 to the present were reviewed, as well as the existing contents in the most relevant books on Veterinary Ophthalmology. In addition, 3 clinical cases from the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria are presented with the aim of exemplifying some of the pathologies described. The vitreous humor is an element of the posterior segment of the eye, which, although sometimes is observed in the background, can suffer pathologies of great importance for the health and vision of the animals going through them. The pathologies that affect this part of the eyeball can be classified as congenital or acquired and may, in turn be primary or secondary. There are many diseases that we can diagnose using different diagnostic techniques, the most used are: focal light, Slit-Lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography and computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or hyalocentesis. Although at present there is still a lack of knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms of some of the pathologies described, the aim of this review is to provide the most recent data in this regard. There are therapeutic options that will allow a better quality of life for patients. However, there are some pathologies that do not require treatment because the symptoms they produce are not limiting. Treatments must be personalized, depending on the patient and the disease they suffer from, and a good prior evaluation of the eyes is essential.