Análisis y diseño de Arrays de antenas en fase para constelaciones de satélites LEO

Abstract

El objetivo de este proyecto es el análisis y diseño de array de antenas en fase en las bandas de 17 8 20 2 GHz para recepción y 27 5 30 GHz para la transmisión, con el fin de aplicarlas en comunicaciones con satélites de órbita baja desde estaciones base en la Tierra, esto es, el gateway del sistema. Hemos diseñado las antenas tipo parche para, posteriormente, colocarlas en diferentes disposiciones y analizar así diferentes composiciones de array También hemos tratado de llegar a especificaciones de tres constelaciones de satélites conocidas Starlink, OneWeb y Telesat.

The main purpose of this work is to analyse and design a phased array system. Specifically, we choose 17.8 to 20.2 GHz frequency range for reception and 27.5 to 30 GHz for transmission. This work has been applied to low orbit satellite communications (LEO), for communications between the earth stations, or gateway and the satellites. Initially, transmitting antenna was designed. For this, a study on the different materials available for the substrate was carried out, and the ways to design it geometrically and how to feed it. Real materials were considered, because they could be used in this frequency range to proceed to the design using the Keysight Advanced Design System. Once the antenna was designed, through EMPro the radiation pattern was obtained, and the modelling of phased array antennas started in SystemVue. Also, different configurations for the elements were tried. Three satellite platforms that are in orbit nowadays were chosen to analyse and get the number of elements: SpaceX, Telesat and OneWeb. Similarly, the reception phased array antenna was designed: choosing the substrate, designing the antenna, modelling the array, and getting the number of radiant elements for the three mentioned low orbit satellites. In this stage of the design, the noise of the system was considered when modelling the antenna array, since in reception it is an influencing parameter in the performance of the system itself. The power delivered to each of the radiating elements was also considered. Finally, a summary has been made, analysing and showing the different graphs obtained. In addition, future lines have been included.